13 free MCQs on Morphology of Flowering Plants with worked answers and explanations. External structure of roots, stems, and leaves plus internal tissue organization. High marks in Class 11 and NEET.
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In a dicot stem, vascular bundles are arranged in a single ring (with cambium between xylem and phloem, enabling secondary growth); in a monocot stem, bundles are scattered throughout with no cambium, so monocots can't undergo secondary growth (no wood formation).
Q1.
What is the tap root system?
Answer: B. A main primary root with lateral branches
Why: A tap root system has a single main primary root that grows downward with lateral branch roots. It is characteristic of dicotyledons like carrot, radish, and sunflower.
Q2.
Which modification of the stem is found in potato?
Answer: C. Tuber
Why: Potato is a stem tuber - a swollen underground stem that stores food. The 'eyes' on potatoes are nodes with axillary buds, confirming it is a modified stem, not a root.
Q3.
Leaves with net-like veins are called
Answer: B. Reticulate venation
Why: Reticulate (net-like) venation is characteristic of dicotyledonous leaves. The veins form an interconnected network. Monocots have parallel venation.
Q4.
Ginger is a modified underground stem called a
Answer: C. Rhizome
Why: Ginger is a rhizome - a horizontal underground stem that stores food. It has nodes, internodes, scale leaves, and buds. Other examples: turmeric, lotus, fern.
Q5.
Simple leaves differ from compound leaves in that
Answer: B. Simple leaves have a single, undivided lamina
Why: A simple leaf has a single, undivided leaf blade (lamina). A compound leaf has the blade divided into leaflets. Examples: simple - mango, banyan; compound - rose, neem, pea.
Q6.
Onion is an example of which stem modification?
Answer: D. Bulb
Why: Onion is a bulb - a modified underground stem with a short stem base bearing fleshy scale leaves (modified leaves) that store food. Other examples: garlic, tulip, lily.
Q7.
The arrangement of leaves on a stem is called
Answer: A. Phyllotaxy
Why: Phyllotaxy refers to the arrangement of leaves on the stem. Types include alternate (one leaf per node), opposite (two leaves per node), and whorled (more than two per node).
Q8.
Which part of the stem is between two nodes?
Answer: B. Internode
Why: An internode is the stem segment between two nodes. Nodes are points where leaves, branches, or flowers arise. Internodes vary in length and are elongated in bamboo.
Q9.
Thorn of Bougainvillea is an example of which stem modification?
Answer: B. Stem spine (thorn)
Why: Bougainvillea has stem modifications into hard, sharp thorns (spines) that are modified axillary buds or stems. They provide defense. Contrast with leaf-spine (cactus) and prickle (rose - epidermal outgrowth).
Q10.
What distinguishes a fibrous root system advantage in soil erosion prevention?
Answer: B. Fibrous roots spread wide and shallow, binding topsoil and preventing erosion better
Why: Fibrous root systems spread extensively near the soil surface, binding topsoil particles and preventing soil erosion by wind and water. Grasses are particularly effective ground cover plants for this reason.
Q11.
What is lenticel?
Answer: B. A pore in bark for gas exchange in woody stems
Why: Lenticels are small pores in the bark (periderm) of woody plants that allow gas exchange between internal tissues and the atmosphere, replacing stomata which are covered by bark.
Q12.
What is a phylloclade?
Answer: B. A flattened, photosynthetic stem that resembles a leaf, found in Opuntia (cactus)
Why: A phylloclade is a flattened, green, photosynthetic stem that performs leaf functions. Found in Opuntia (cactus) and Casuarina. The true leaves are reduced to spines or scales to reduce water loss in dry habitats.
Q13.
What is a bulbil?
Answer: B. A small bulb-like structure that functions as a vegetative propagule (asexual reproduction)
Why: Bulbils are small, fleshy, vegetative buds that fall from the parent plant and germinate to form new individuals. Found in Agave (leaf bulbils), Oxalis (stem bulbils), and some lilies. They represent vegetative propagation.